Tryptophan is an essential amino acid used to produce proteins, nervous system messengers, and serotonin which is a neurotransmitter regulating mood, sleep, and appetite. The body converts 3% of dietary…

Trypsin, a digestive enzyme made in the pancreas and intestines, breaks down proteins, specifically lysine and arginine. Normally, the body produces enough, but some conditions may require supplements for protein…

Cacao refers to raw, unroasted Theobroma cacao beans, while cocoa and chocolate results from roasting and processing them. Gentle roasting increases theobromine, but excessive heat degrades it. Theobromine is an…

Threonine (not theonine) is an amino acid abundant in the heart, muscles, and nervous system. It builds proteins and synthesises glycine in the spinal cord, crucial for nerve health. Key…

Theanine, also known as L-γ-glutamylethylamide and N⁵-ethyl-L-glutamine, is an amino acid analogue of the proteinogenic amino acids L-L-glutamate and L-glutamine. It is found in particular plant and fungal species and…

Terpenes are natural compounds found in plants, especially in conifers and citrus trees. These volatile hydrocarbons give plants their distinctive scents and flavors. Nearly all essential oils contain terpenes, with…

Superoxide dismutase is a powerful antioxidant enzyme that helps to manage levels of superoxide in the body by converting it to hydrogen peroxide, which can then be neutralised by catalase.…

Sulforaphane (or sulphoraphane in British English), an isothiocyanate compound, has anticancer, antimicrobial, and anti-diabetic effects. It boosts liver detoxification, blocks mammary tumours in rats, and inhibits cartilage-damaging enzymes which helps…

Sugars are classified as monosaccharides and disaccharides. Monosaccharides, or simple sugars, form the base unit of all carbohydrates like disaccharides and polysaccharides. They're typically colourless, water-soluble, crystalline solids, often sweet.…

Sucrose (table sugar), derived from cane or beets, is broken down by intestinal enzymes like sucrase into glucose and fructose. Overconsumption can trigger inflammation, joint pain, diabetes, obesity, tooth decay,…