Many synthetic food additives are now derived from petroleum or crude oil such as

  • Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) E321
  • Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) E392
  • Tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) E319, E320

Tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), also known as  INS 319, is an aromatic organic compound which is a type of phenol used as a food preservative which is a form of butane. It is also used in the stabilisation process of explosive compounds.

Phenol additives can be found in the following foods:

  • Baked goods
  • Bread
  • Butter
  • Cooking oil
  • Crackers
  • Crisps
  • Doughnuts
  • Fast foods
  • Instant noodles
  • Margarine
  • Nuts
  • Oreo biscuits
  • Pet foods
  • Popcorn
  • Ready meals
  • Resins
  • Varnish
  • Waffles

Children’s foods containing tertiary butylhydroquinone

  • Pop-tarts,
  • Rice Krispies
  • Cheez-Its,
  • Little Debbie Swiss Rolls
  • Reese’s Peanut Butter Cups

Other household products that contain phenols

  • Acne medications
  • Aerosol disinfectants
  • Air fresheners
  • All-purpose cleaners
  • Aspirin
  • Cleaning products
  • Cosmetics
  • Deodorants
  • Detergents
  • Disinfecting cleaners
  • Furniture polish
  • Hair spray
  • Lacquers
  • Lotions
  • Mouthwash
  • Shampoo
  • Skincare products for adults and babies.
  • Sunscreens
  • Varnishes

Phenol is also a large component of phenolic adhesives which are used in adhering plywood and other composite type woods. 

It is also present in plastics, fertilisers, paints and textiles within the home.  Because phenol is added to herbicides and fertilisers, it’s important to also mention that drinking water can contain phenols, which is considered a toxic contaminant.

Consuming high doses (1-4 g) of tertiary butylhydroquinone can cause the following symptoms:

  • Asthma
  • Collapse
  • Delirium
  • Dermatitis
  • Hyperactivity in children
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Restlessness
  • Rhinitis (inflammation inside the nose)
  • Tinnitus (ringing in the ears)

Phenols may also aggravate attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD symptoms). They can also affect oestrogen levels in women and cause harm to the unborn foetus. There are also reports that they cause infertility in both males and females..

Skin exposure may result in onychronosis (yellowing of the skin), skin irritation and skin eruption, as well as dermal inflammation and necrosis.  Phenol may also cause symptoms such as anorexia, headache, vertigo, salivation, dark urine, and increased skin pigmentation.

Phenolic compounds are regularly found throughout the environment in thousands of items including most foods and chemicals. Many forms of asthma are caused by allergic reactions from both airborne phenolic compounds and those found in foods. It is difficult to avoid phenols as one of them, gallic acid, occurs in about 70% of the foods humans consume.

For natural alternative household products see>> Hygiene, toxins and health

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