Actin and myosin are cellular motor proteins found especially in micro-filaments and active in muscular contraction, cell signalling, cytokinesis, cell division, cellular movement and maintenance of cell shape. Muscles are made of these two types of filaments and they maintain the integrity of muscles and play an important role in the control of gene expression. Like all proteins, they are made of many amino acids linked together.
A large number of illnesses and diseases are caused by mutations in alleles of the genes that regulate the production of actin, myosin and their associated proteins. The correct production is vital to avoid infection by some pathogenic micro-organisms. Mutations in the different genes that regulate actin and myosin production in humans can cause muscular diseases, variations in the size and function of the heart as well as deafness. There are a number of toxins which interfere with the processes of actin and myosin and destabilize them:
- Latrunculin: A toxin produced by sponges
- Cytocalasin D: An alkaloid produced by fungi
- Phalloidin: A toxin that has been isolated from the death cap mushroom (Amanita phalloides)
Highest sources of actin and myosin
- Chicken
- Cod
- Halibut
- Lamb
- Salmon
- Scallops
- Soya beans
- Tuna
- Turkey
- Venison
Associated conditions
- Bacterial infections
- Ear disorders
- Heart disorders