Achalasia

Achalasia is caused by the loss or damage of nerve cells in the oesophagus that control its muscles, which prevents food and fluid from passing into the stomach. The exact cause of this nerve damage is unknown, but scientific studies suggest it may stem from the following:

  • After the episode of acute or chronic stress.
  • Alcohol can induce erosive oesophagitis by directly affecting the mucosal integrity.
  • An autoimmune condition.
  • An inherited genetic disorder.
  • The presence of viral infection in achalasia has been confirmed by multiple studies which include the measles, varicella-zoster and herpes simplex viruses. There have also been reported cases of rapid-developing achalasia post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
  • Achalasia can be caused by chagas disease, a parasitic infection. This is most commonly found in rural parts of Mexico and Central and South America as well as parts of Asia and Africa.

Achalasia can be the cause of Laryngopharyngeal reflux

What to avoid with achalasia

  • Alcoholic drinks
  • Spice in soups or other food, including pepper
  • Tiny pieces of fruit skin, or tiny seeds from fruit like raspberries

NOTE: Nicotine exposure is known to induce loss of the lower oesophageal sphincter function so smoking or vaping tobacco should be avoided.

Ways to naturally avoid an achalasia reaction

  • Take small bites of food and chew foods well.
  • Avoid tough meats, fresh “doughy” bread or rolls, hard bread crust, and abrasive foods.
  • Sip fluids when taking solids at meals and snacks to moisten foods.
  • Stop eating as soon as there is a feeling of being full.

Treatment for achalasia

Achalasia is a long-term condition that cannot be cured at present, but there are treatments that can improve the symptoms.

Dilation of the oesophageal sphincter can decrease the pressure in the oesophagus and stretch the sphincter muscles until they relax enough to allow food and liquid to pass through easily. Balloon dilation is the most common approach to treating achalasia.

Without treatment, achalasia may lead to malnutrition, which can be life-threatening and affect the patient’s life expectancy. With treatment, the patient may expect to live as long as other people who don’t have the disorder.

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